diff --git a/src/rtsp_manager.cpp b/src/rtsp_manager.cpp
index 590bf6b..1764df1 100644
--- a/src/rtsp_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/rtsp_manager.cpp
@@ -94,30 +94,37 @@ GstRTSPMediaFactory *RTSPManager::create_media_factory(const Camera &cam)
         ",height=" + std::to_string(h) +
         ",framerate=" + std::to_string(cam.fps) + "/1";
 
-    // 修正后的管线：加 videoconvert，删掉 encoder 不支持的属性
+    // 关键：tee 一路给 RTSP，一路给 fakesink，保持 v4l2src / mpph264enc 永远在跑
+    //
+    // 结构：
+    // v4l2src -> caps -> tee name=t
+    //   tee src0: t. -> queue -> mpph264enc -> h264parse -> rtph264pay (给 RTSP)
+    //   tee src1: t. -> queue -> fakesink (假消费者，让 DMA 持续 dequeue)
     std::string launch_str =
         "( v4l2src device=" + cam.device +
         " io-mode=2 is-live=true do-timestamp=true"
         " ! " +
         caps +
-        " ! videoconvert"
+        " ! tee name=t "
         " ! queue leaky=downstream max-size-time=0 max-size-bytes=0 max-size-buffers=0"
         " ! mpph264enc name=enc rc-mode=cbr bps=" +
         std::to_string(cam.bitrate) +
         " gop=" + std::to_string(cam.fps) +
         " header-mode=1"
         " ! h264parse"
-        " ! rtph264pay name=pay0 pt=96 config-interval=1 )";
+        " ! rtph264pay name=pay0 pt=96 config-interval=1 "
+        " t. ! queue max-size-buffers=1 max-size-time=0 max-size-bytes=0"
+        " ! fakesink sync=false )";
 
     LOG_INFO("[RTSP] Launch for " + cam.name + ": " + launch_str);
 
     GstRTSPMediaFactory *factory = gst_rtsp_media_factory_new();
     gst_rtsp_media_factory_set_launch(factory, launch_str.c_str());
 
-    // ★ 必改：先关掉 shared，避免 VLC 拉流不启动 pipeline
+    // 先保持每个客户端独立 pipeline，逻辑简单可靠
     gst_rtsp_media_factory_set_shared(factory, FALSE);
 
-    // 客户端断开时不 reset pipeline（我们手动处理）
+    // 客户端断开时不要乱 reset，交给我们自己处理 / 或干脆不动
     gst_rtsp_media_factory_set_suspend_mode(factory, GST_RTSP_SUSPEND_MODE_NONE);
 
     g_signal_connect_data(factory,
@@ -189,6 +196,7 @@ void RTSPManager::on_media_created(GstRTSPMediaFactory *, GstRTSPMedia *media, g
 
     LOG_INFO(std::string("[RTSP] media-configure for camera: ") + cam_name);
 
+    // 保存 media，用于之后 unmount 时统一管理
     g_object_ref(media);
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(media_map_mutex);
@@ -203,20 +211,8 @@ void RTSPManager::on_media_created(GstRTSPMediaFactory *, GstRTSPMedia *media, g
         (GClosureNotify)g_free,
         (GConnectFlags)0);
 
-    GstElement *pipeline = gst_rtsp_media_get_element(media);
-    if (!pipeline)
-    {
-        LOG_ERROR("[RTSP] Pipeline NULL for camera: " + std::string(cam_name));
-        return;
-    }
-
-    LOG_INFO("[RTSP] Forcing pipeline reset (READY → PLAYING) to generate IDR");
-
-    // 关键：强制重新启动 pipeline，让 v4l2src/mpph264enc 正式启动
-    gst_element_set_state(pipeline, GST_STATE_READY);
-    gst_element_set_state(pipeline, GST_STATE_PLAYING);
-
-    gst_object_unref(pipeline);
+    // 不再手动改 pipeline 状态，交给 gst-rtsp-server 自己管理
+    // 如果后面发现确实有卡在 PAUSED 的情况，再在这里加逻辑
 }
 
 void RTSPManager::on_media_unprepared(GstRTSPMedia *media, gpointer user_data)