diff --git a/src/rtsp_manager.cpp b/src/rtsp_manager.cpp
index cac6709..8310623 100644
--- a/src/rtsp_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/rtsp_manager.cpp
@@ -82,11 +82,11 @@ GstRTSPMediaFactory *RTSPManager::create_media_factory(const Camera &cam)
     std::string launch_str =
         "( v4l2src device=" + cam.device +
         " io-mode=2 is-live=true do-timestamp=true"
+        " ! identity sync=false"
         " ! " +
         caps +
-        " ! queue max-size-buffers=0 max-size-bytes=0 max-size-time=0"
-        " ! mpph264enc rc-mode=cbr"
-        " bps=" +
+        " ! queue leaky=downstream max-size-buffers=0 max-size-bytes=0 max-size-time=0"
+        " ! mpph264enc rc-mode=cbr bps=" +
         std::to_string(cam.bitrate) +
         " gop=" + std::to_string(cam.fps) +
         " header-mode=1"
@@ -176,10 +176,25 @@ void RTSPManager::on_media_created(GstRTSPMediaFactory *, GstRTSPMedia *media, g
         media_map[cam_name].push_back(media);
     }
 
-    g_signal_connect_data(media, "unprepared", G_CALLBACK(on_media_unprepared),
-                          g_strdup(cam_name),
-                          (GClosureNotify)g_free,
-                          (GConnectFlags)0);
+    g_signal_connect_data(
+        media,
+        "unprepared",
+        G_CALLBACK(on_media_unprepared),
+        g_strdup(cam_name),
+        (GClosureNotify)g_free,
+        (GConnectFlags)0);
+
+    // ★★★ 关键补丁：阻止 preroll 卡死 v4l2 驱动，强制 PLAYING
+    GstElement *pipeline = gst_rtsp_media_get_element(media);
+    if (pipeline)
+    {
+        gst_element_set_state(pipeline, GST_STATE_PLAYING);
+        LOG_INFO(std::string("[RTSP] Force pipeline PLAYING for camera: ") + cam_name);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        LOG_WARN(std::string("[RTSP] Pipeline is NULL for camera: ") + cam_name);
+    }
 }
 
 void RTSPManager::on_media_unprepared(GstRTSPMedia *media, gpointer user_data)