diff --git a/include/rtmp_manager.hpp b/include/rtmp_manager.hpp
index 69137b7..572fc93 100644
--- a/include/rtmp_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/rtmp_manager.hpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include "app_config.hpp"
+#include "mqtt_client_wrapper.hpp"
 
 class RTMPManager
 {
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ private:
     static GstElement *create_pipeline(const Camera &cam, StreamType type);
     static std::string make_stream_key(const std::string &cam_name, StreamType type);
     static void update_status(const std::string &key, const StreamStatus &status);
+    static void RTMPManager::publish_stream_status(const Camera &cam, StreamType type, const std::string &seqNo, bool ok, const std::string &reason);
     static inline std::string stream_type_suffix(StreamType type)
     {
         return (type == StreamType::MAIN) ? "_main" : "_sub";
diff --git a/src/rtmp_manager.cpp b/src/rtmp_manager.cpp
index b99894c..ca28ad3 100644
--- a/src/rtmp_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/rtmp_manager.cpp
@@ -77,16 +77,33 @@ GstElement *RTMPManager::create_pipeline(const Camera &cam, StreamType type)
     return pipeline;
 }
 
+void RTMPManager::publish_stream_status(const Camera &cam, StreamType type, const std::string &seqNo, bool ok, const std::string &reason)
+{
+    nlohmann::json ch_resp;
+    ch_resp["loc"] = cam.index;
+    ch_resp["url"] = ok ? get_stream_url(cam.name, type) : "";
+    ch_resp["result"] = ok ? 0 : 1;
+    ch_resp["reason"] = reason;
+
+    nlohmann::json reply;
+    reply["type"] = "response";
+    reply["seqNo"] = seqNo;
+    reply["data"] = nlohmann::json::array({ch_resp});
+
+    mqtt_client->publish(g_app_config.mqtt.topics.video_down, reply.dump());
+}
+
 void RTMPManager::stream_loop(Camera cam, StreamType type)
 {
     std::string key = make_stream_key(cam.name, type);
     LOG_INFO("[RTMP] Stream loop started for " + key);
 
-    const int MAX_RETRIES = 5;
+    const int MAX_RETRIES = 3;
     int retry_count = 0;
 
     while (true)
     {
+        // 检查是否被 stop
         {
             std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(streams_mutex);
             auto it = streams.find(key);
@@ -97,7 +114,9 @@ void RTMPManager::stream_loop(Camera cam, StreamType type)
         GstElement *pipeline = create_pipeline(cam, type);
         if (!pipeline)
         {
-            update_status(key, {false, StreamResult::PIPELINE_ERROR, "Failed to create pipeline"});
+            std::string reason = "Failed to create pipeline (device unavailable or resolution unsupported)";
+            update_status(key, {false, StreamResult::PIPELINE_ERROR, reason});
+            publish_stream_status(key, false, reason); // MQTT 上报
             if (++retry_count > MAX_RETRIES)
                 break;
             std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
@@ -107,14 +126,13 @@ void RTMPManager::stream_loop(Camera cam, StreamType type)
         GstBus *bus = gst_element_get_bus(pipeline);
         gst_element_set_state(pipeline, GST_STATE_PLAYING);
 
-        // 等待 pipeline 状态变为 PLAYING 或错误
-        bool first_playing = false;
+        bool first_frame_received = false;
         bool stop_flag = false;
-        GstMessage *msg = nullptr;
 
+        // 等待消息，同时监控是否有第一帧
         while (!stop_flag)
         {
-            msg = gst_bus_timed_pop_filtered(
+            GstMessage *msg = gst_bus_timed_pop_filtered(
                 bus, 100 * GST_MSECOND,
                 static_cast<GstMessageType>(GST_MESSAGE_ERROR | GST_MESSAGE_EOS | GST_MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGED));
 
@@ -131,7 +149,9 @@ void RTMPManager::stream_loop(Camera cam, StreamType type)
             if (!msg)
                 continue;
 
-            if (GST_MESSAGE_TYPE(msg) == GST_MESSAGE_ERROR)
+            switch (GST_MESSAGE_TYPE(msg))
+            {
+            case GST_MESSAGE_ERROR:
             {
                 GError *err = nullptr;
                 gchar *debug = nullptr;
@@ -139,28 +159,33 @@ void RTMPManager::stream_loop(Camera cam, StreamType type)
                 std::string err_msg = err ? err->message : "Unknown GStreamer error";
                 LOG_ERROR("[RTMP] Error in " + key + ": " + err_msg);
                 update_status(key, {false, StreamResult::CONNECTION_FAIL, err_msg});
+                publish_stream_status(key, false, err_msg); // MQTT 上报
                 if (err)
                     g_error_free(err);
                 if (debug)
                     g_free(debug);
                 stop_flag = true;
+                break;
             }
-            else if (GST_MESSAGE_TYPE(msg) == GST_MESSAGE_EOS)
-            {
+            case GST_MESSAGE_EOS:
                 LOG_WARN("[RTMP] EOS on " + key);
                 update_status(key, {false, StreamResult::EOS_RECEIVED, "EOS"});
+                publish_stream_status(key, false, "EOS received"); // MQTT 上报
                 stop_flag = true;
-            }
-            else if (GST_MESSAGE_TYPE(msg) == GST_MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGED)
+                break;
+            case GST_MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGED:
             {
-                GstState old_state, new_state, pending;
-                gst_message_parse_state_changed(msg, &old_state, &new_state, &pending);
-                if (GST_MESSAGE_SRC(msg) == GST_OBJECT(pipeline) && new_state == GST_STATE_PLAYING && !first_playing)
+                GstState old_state, new_state;
+                gst_message_parse_state_changed(msg, &old_state, &new_state, nullptr);
+                if (GST_MESSAGE_SRC(msg) == GST_OBJECT(pipeline) && new_state == GST_STATE_PLAYING && !first_frame_received)
                 {
-                    first_playing = true;
+                    first_frame_received = true;
+                    LOG_INFO("[RTMP] First frame received for " + key);
                     update_status(key, {true, StreamResult::OK, ""});
-                    LOG_INFO("[RTMP] " + key + " is streaming.");
+                    publish_stream_status(key, true, "Streaming OK"); // MQTT 上报
                 }
+                break;
+            }
             }
 
             gst_message_unref(msg);
@@ -180,7 +205,6 @@ void RTMPManager::stream_loop(Camera cam, StreamType type)
             break;
         }
 
-        LOG_WARN("[RTMP] Reconnecting " + key + " in 1s...");
         std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
     }