diff --git a/src/rtmp_manager.cpp b/src/rtmp_manager.cpp
index 92589aa..f1f9983 100644
--- a/src/rtmp_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/rtmp_manager.cpp
@@ -142,6 +142,9 @@ void RTMPManager::stream_loop(Camera cam, StreamType type, const std::string &se
         bool first_frame_received = false;
         bool stop_flag = false;
 
+        const int FIRST_FRAME_TIMEOUT_SEC = 5; // 等待第一帧最大秒数
+        auto first_frame_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
         while (!stop_flag)
         {
             GstMessage *msg = gst_bus_timed_pop_filtered(
@@ -158,6 +161,19 @@ void RTMPManager::stream_loop(Camera cam, StreamType type, const std::string &se
                 }
             }
 
+            if (!first_frame_received)
+            {
+                auto elapsed = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - first_frame_start;
+                if (std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(elapsed).count() > FIRST_FRAME_TIMEOUT_SEC)
+                {
+                    std::string reason = "No frames received within timeout";
+                    LOG_WARN("[RTMP] " + key + ": " + reason);
+                    update_status(key, {false, StreamResult::TIMEOUT, reason});
+                    publish_stream_status(cam.name, type, seqNo, false, reason);
+                    stop_flag = true;
+                }
+            }
+
             if (!msg)
                 continue;