diff --git a/include/rtmp_manager.hpp b/include/rtmp_manager.hpp
index 7bb466a..96a4d8d 100644
--- a/include/rtmp_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/rtmp_manager.hpp
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@ class RTMPManager
         std::atomic<bool> running{false};
         std::thread thread;
 
-        // 新增：把启动阶段的 promise 放到上下文里，避免悬垂引用
         std::promise<StreamStatus> start_promise;
         std::atomic<bool> start_promise_set{false};
 
@@ -76,6 +75,22 @@ class RTMPManager
         StreamContext() = default;
         StreamContext(const StreamContext &) = delete;
         StreamContext &operator=(const StreamContext &) = delete;
+
+        ~StreamContext()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                running.store(false);
+                if (thread.joinable())
+                {
+                    thread.join();  // 防止 std::terminate()
+                }
+            }
+            catch (...)
+            {
+                // 安全兜底，不抛异常
+            }
+        }
     };
 
     static std::string make_stream_key(const std::string &cam_name, StreamType type);
diff --git a/src/mqtt_client_wrapper.cpp b/src/mqtt_client_wrapper.cpp
index dcb6d64..e19ed48 100644
--- a/src/mqtt_client_wrapper.cpp
+++ b/src/mqtt_client_wrapper.cpp
@@ -79,31 +79,41 @@ static void on_mqtt_message_received(const std::string &topic, const std::string
             }
         }
 
+        // 异步执行推流任务
         std::thread(
             [req]()
             {
-                // 调用 RTMP 模块执行批量推流启停
-                auto results = RTMPManager::process_push_request(req);
-
-                // 组装 MQTT 回复
-                nlohmann::json reply;
-                reply["type"] = "response";
-                reply["seqNo"] = req.seqNo;
-                reply["data"] = nlohmann::json::array();
-
-                for (const auto &r : results)
+                try
                 {
-                    nlohmann::json item;
-                    item["loc"] = r.loc;
-                    item["url"] = r.url;
-                    item["result"] = r.result;
-                    item["reason"] = r.reason;
-                    reply["data"].push_back(item);
-                }
+                    auto results = RTMPManager::process_push_request(req);
 
-                // 发送回复到 MQTT
-                mqtt_client->publish(g_app_config.mqtt.topics.video_down, reply.dump(), 1);
-                LOG_INFO("[MQTT] Sent RTMP response: " + reply.dump());
+                    // 组装 MQTT 回复
+                    nlohmann::json reply;
+                    reply["type"] = "response";
+                    reply["seqNo"] = req.seqNo;
+                    reply["data"] = nlohmann::json::array();
+
+                    for (const auto &r : results)
+                    {
+                        nlohmann::json item;
+                        item["loc"] = r.loc;
+                        item["url"] = r.url;
+                        item["result"] = r.result;
+                        item["reason"] = r.reason;
+                        reply["data"].push_back(item);
+                    }
+
+                    mqtt_client->publish(g_app_config.mqtt.topics.video_down, reply.dump(), 1);
+                    LOG_INFO("[MQTT] Sent RTMP response: " + reply.dump());
+                }
+                catch (const std::exception &e)
+                {
+                    LOG_ERROR(std::string("[MQTT] Exception in RTMP thread: ") + e.what());
+                }
+                catch (...)
+                {
+                    LOG_ERROR("[MQTT] Unknown exception in RTMP thread");
+                }
             })
             .detach();
     }
diff --git a/src/rtmp_manager.cpp b/src/rtmp_manager.cpp
index 6b07379..71cd5e9 100644
--- a/src/rtmp_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/rtmp_manager.cpp
@@ -162,11 +162,17 @@ RTMPManager::StreamResultInfo RTMPManager::start_camera(const Camera &cam, Strea
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(streams_mutex);
         auto it = streams.find(key);
-        if (it != streams.end() && it->second->running.load())
+
+        // 若旧线程仍在运行，先安全停止
+        if (it != streams.end())
         {
-            res.result = 1;  // 修改为 1：表示重复启动，不是真成功
-            res.reason = "Already streaming";
-            return res;
+            if (it->second->running.load())
+            {
+                LOG_WARN("[RTMP] Restarting existing stream: " + key);
+                it->second->running.store(false);
+                if (it->second->thread.joinable()) it->second->thread.join();
+            }
+            streams.erase(it);
         }
 
         ctx = std::make_unique<StreamContext>();
@@ -174,7 +180,22 @@ RTMPManager::StreamResultInfo RTMPManager::start_camera(const Camera &cam, Strea
         status_future = ctx->start_promise.get_future();
 
         StreamContext *ctx_ptr = ctx.get();
-        ctx->thread = std::thread([cam, type, ctx_ptr]() { RTMPManager::stream_loop(cam, type, ctx_ptr); });
+        ctx->thread = std::thread(
+            [cam, type, ctx_ptr]()
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    RTMPManager::stream_loop(cam, type, ctx_ptr);
+                }
+                catch (const std::exception &e)
+                {
+                    LOG_ERROR("[RTMP] Exception in stream thread: " + std::string(e.what()));
+                }
+                catch (...)
+                {
+                    LOG_ERROR("[RTMP] Unknown exception in stream thread");
+                }
+            });
 
         streams.emplace(key, std::move(ctx));
     }